Serious Injury Legal Action? Columbus Personal Injury Lawyer ...

Serious injury, such as brain damage, amputations, or spinal cord injury and paralysis can cost a victim and their family hundreds of thousands of dollars in treatment costs and related expenses, not to mention the emotional trauma of drastic lifestyle changes that can occur in the blink of an eye. Because of the enormous impact a serious injury can have on a family, it is critical that they seek out an exceptionally qualified Columbus personal injury lawyer to represent their interests in pursuing justice and financial recovery.

Brain damage is most typically caused by a forceful impact to the head and can include complications such as lack of oxygen and brain swelling which causes pressure inside the skull and consequent damage to the brain tissue. Unfortunately a closed head injury frequently goes undiagnosed in an ER. These injuries can develop over time and a victim may not even be aware they have sustained a head injury until a later date when their disposition changes, they cannot concentrate, have a loss of vision or blurry vision, have problems with memory or suffer a loss of hearing. At every level of a brain injury, the victim can experience emotional, physical, social and even work related changes in their life. Recovery can be a long term process and the brain injured person may need to see neurologists, neurosurgeons, psychologists, psychiatrists, occupational therapists, physical therapists, vocational specialists and more. A Columbus personal injury lawyer can help ?Ohio families prevent financial devastation due to the serious injury, by working with experts to put together a strong legal case in their behalf.

Amputation of a finger, arm or leg can result in drastic loss of blood, infection, shock and death, and the emotional trauma and depression that follows can be overwhelming for families. Your lawyer will make sure your family receives the appropriate support during this difficult time of adjustment and has access to a wide variety of resources to assist clients. In the event of paralysis, either full or partial resulting in paraplegia or quadriplegia, the victim?s life is forever altered; when negligence of another person or entity was a contributing factor, they can be held liable for the projected expenses and related costs over a victim?s lifetime.

If you or a loved one is a victim of a serious injury, you do not want an inexperienced attorney to experience their learning curve on your personal injury lawsuit. Seek out a Columbus personal injury lawyer with a proven track record of success and vast experience in handling serious injury legal claims. CALL NOW to speak with a highly qualified attorney in a confidential, no cost case review.

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NIEER Recommends Improving Public Funding of Early Education ...

May 9, 2012 by Irene Sege

Photo: Alessandra Hartkopf for Strategies for Children

I recently posted an item ? Rethink Public Financing of Early Education and Care ? that looked at funding the education and care of young children in this country. Another report, this one from the National Institute for Early Education Research (NIEER) at Rutgers University, also offers an analysis of funding and makes recommendations for increasing funding and coordination of public dollars designated for early education and care. As I noted in the earlier blog post, the financing of early education and care in this country is a complex mix of private and public dollars, with much of it coming from high fees for parents and low pay for early educators ? and much of it built as a service working parents, not a birthright for young children.

The NIEER policy brief ? ?Improving Public Financing for Early Learning Programs? ? describes a ?patchwork of funding streams and programs? and makes recommendations for improving the public financing of early education and care.

?It should go without saying that developing more reliable, well-considered revenue streams for early learning programs is a good thing,? the report concludes. ?They not only maintain enrollment and program quality, they also provide the predictability that is essential to ensuring continuous improvement and a high level of program effectiveness. The lack of cohesive system-building that has typified the expansion of early childhood education in the United States has perpetuated the patchwork of preschool policies and finance mechanisms at all levels. This likely resulted in fewer children served that had a more systemic approach been used. And, it has delayed the collaboration and adaptation of successful approaches across programs that can lead to enhanced program effectiveness.?

Included among NIEER?s recommendations are these:

• ??Early childhood finance reform should be pursued as part of a broader set of policies to increase collaboration and coordination across agencies for children, birth to 8, so as to improve program effectiveness.?
• ??Develop new and more reliable funding streams for early learning programs that increase the total amount of public funding available and, at the very least, produce full coverage of disadvantaged children.?
• ?Tie federal and state subsidies for child care to quality.?
• ?Increase the use of federal Title I funds for quality preschool programs by requiring school districts to spend these funds on programs demonstrated to be effective.?
• ?States that do not fund early education through their school funding formula should work toward that goal or develop other dedicated funding mechanisms that are more stable than annual discretionary appropriations from general revenue.?

Massachusetts is making some progress. For instance, the state?s Department of Early Education and Care is working to ensure that public dollars flow only to programs that meet certain quality standards.

NIERR also offers a primer on the various funding sources for early education and care:

• Direct child care subsidies. ?The federal government administers two large child care funding streams through the Department of Health and Human Services?: the Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF) and Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF). CCDF focuses on working families who earn less than 85% of the median income in the state where they reside. TANF serves needy families as they are defined at the state level.?
• Head Start. ?The nation?s oldest large scale public preschool program, Head Start, dates back to the 1960s. Administered by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, it serves preschoolers from low-income families with a comprehensive child development approach that includes preschool education and health, nutritional, and social services. Funding for Head Start programs goes directly from the federal government to service providers.? (Since the publication of the NIEER report, the federal government has begun converting Head Start grants to five-year grants, with performance evaluated every five years to determine if the program must compete for continued funding. Click here to read more.)
• Title I. ?Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA, also known as No Child Left Behind) provides funds that can be used to provide early childhood education so that disadvantaged children have a greater opportunity to obtain a high-quality education. Administerd by the U.S. Department of Education, Title I funds through ESEA can be used to offer an extensive range of educational services to children not only in grades K-12, but also from birth to age 5.?
• Early childhood special education. ?The Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) provides federal funding for services to young children with disabilities. IDEA, Part B, provides states with funds for children with disabilities, ages 3 to 5?. IDEA, Part C, provides states with funds to serve infants and toddlers (up to age 3) with developmental delays or conditions that have a high risk of developmental delay.?
• Local pre-kindergarten initiatives. ?Local districts often provide pre-k in the public schools or fund private providers to serve preschoolers.?
• State-funded prekindergarten.? A number of states fund statewide pre-kindergarten programs. Massachusetts, which is focused on increasing quality throughout the mixed delivery system of public and private providers, is not among them.
• Child care tax credits. ?The Dependent Care Assistance Program (DCAP) and the Child Care and Dependent Care Tax Credit (CDCTC) are federal programs that enable parents to pay for child care and early education with pre-tax earnings.?

The bottom line is that high-quality early education and care is good for children, good for families and good for society as a whole. ?Increased public investment in early learning,? the NIEER policy brief states, ?is a pro-growth strategy not inconsistent with greater fiscal restraint.?

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Karel Donk's Blog ? Why men and women can't be just friends

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A recently published article?titled ?Benefit or burden? Attraction in cross-sex friendship? in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships confirms what many of us have known for a long time now, namely that it?s quite difficult for men and women to be just friends. Here?s some from the abstract:

We propose that, because cross-sex friendships are a historically recent phenomenon, men?s and women?s evolved mating strategies impinge on their friendship experiences.?[...] Our?findings implicate attraction in cross-sex friendship as?both common and of potential negative consequence?for individuals? long-term mateships.

And from here:

?Attraction in friendship is happening, and it?s persistent,? says lead author April Bleske-Rechek, associate professor of psychology. ?I?d venture to say, based on all our data, that in the majority of?(opposite-sex) friendships there?s at least a low level of attraction. And if it?s coming more from one friend than the other, it?s probably the guy.?

Because opposite-sex friendships are a novel concept, evolutionarily speaking, Bleske-Rechek believes people?s hardwired mating instincts impinge on them. Notably, this seems to occur even when both parties claim genuinely platonic intentions. To put it in When Harry Met Sally terms, ?the sex part? gets in the way.

What clearly stands in the way between men and women in friendly relationships?are our natural sexual desires. Normally our sexual desires wouldn?t be an issue here, but because of the fact that societies around the world have a lot of female sexual repression built into them, this causes an imbalance in relationships between men and women. I?ve written before about the female sexual repression that has been present for thousands of years in societies around the world. For all the details, read my article series on Understanding Women.

Because women get brainwashed by society from very early childhood to repress their sexual desires, they often withhold an important part of themselves in relationships with a man. So it?s no surprise to me that the research discussed in the above mentioned article shows that men reported more attraction to their friend than women:

In our first study involving pairs of friends, emerging adult males?reported more attraction to their friend than emerging adult females did, regardless of their own or their friend?s current relationship status.

Female sexual repression has such a huge impact on women in societies around the world, to the point that all research on the female sex drive shows that women have a lower sex drive than men. I?ve discussed this in the fourth part of my article series on Understanding Women, and there I?ve also given an example (Iceland) of how women would normally behave if this female sexual repression wasn?t around in society. In fact, women would behave very similar to men in that case with regards to their sexuality. So if female sexual repression in society can have such a big impact on the female sex drive, then no wonder women report less attraction to their male friends in friendships. And the research in the above mentioned article clearly shows this.

In a normal society, our current society being abnormal, I think it would be possible for men and women to be?friends because women would be more open about their sexual desires and more willing to satisfy them. In such a society our sexual desires would be treated as something totally normal and natural, and people would be encouraged to satisfy their desires whenever?they feel like it. This would be very similar to the way in which?we all acknowledge?the fact that?we get hungry every day and have to eat in order to survive. If we don?t eat enough and on time, we can grow weak and die. Similarly, to be?a healthy human being also requires that our strong sexual desires get satisfied, or else we suffer the consequences. And we suffer the consequences not only as?individuals, but also?as a society. As I mentioned before in my article on Understanding Women, Dr. Sigmund Freud established our natural?sexual desires as the primary motivational forces of human life. If we don?t adequately satisfy these desires it will lead to all kinds of problems in society. And in fact, Dr. Freud warned western societies about this:

What constitutes sexual repression is subjective and can vary greatly between cultures and moral systems. Sigmund Freud was the first to use the term widely, and argued that it was one of the roots of many problems in western society. Freud believed that people?s naturally strong instincts toward sexuality were repressed by people in order to meet the constraints imposed on them by civilized life.

So in a society without sexual repression, one that treats our natural sexual desires as something totally normal, women would be a lot more willing and free?to satisfy their sexual desires and this would lead to?more balance in relationships between men and women. As a result, friendships between men and women would have a greater chance?to last (longer). Attraction to each other?would certainly not be seen as a cost in this case. Just?like people involved in a cross-sex friendship can go out and have lunch together without society objecting to it, so too would they be able to (casually) have sex with each other?whenever?they feel like it. It wouldn?t be such a big deal as is often the case right now in societies around the world.

But because women are currently?brainwashed into repressing their natural sexual desires from very early childhood, they can?t easily satisfy these desires. They can?t allow themselves to be?totally open and free, and can?t offer themselves completely in friendly relationships with men. As a result they can?t allow themselves to easily get attracted to men either and attraction is seen?as a cost?to the friendship. However, at the same time they continue to crave for male attention. And although they won?t admit it, and often don?t realize it, this craving for male attention is sexual in nature. If it wasn?t, they would be equally as satisfied having just female friends to talk to. Their natural sexual instincts drive them towards men. But since they can?t easily allow themselves to seek sexual attention from men because of the various rules in society and their own sexual repression, they have no choice but to stick mostly to emotional attention and use that?as a substitute for satisfying?their needs for sexual attention and intimacy with a man. Remember what Dr. Freud said:

The sexual instincts are remarkable for their plasticity, for the facility with which they can change their aim?for the ease with which they can substitute one form of gratification for another.

So guys often have to hear from their female friends that they want to be??just friends? (they get ?friend zoned?) and in the worst case?even that they?re seen as??a brother.? In reality what?s happening is that women?use the emotional attention they get from??friend zoned? men and ?brothers? to gratify their needs for male sexual attention and intimacy. They?re essentially abusing guys to satisfy their craving for male attention and intimacy,?without actually having sex. They often do this even while knowing that they?re leading guys on. The video below clearly illustrates this:

Men don?t need women for friendships. Men can satisfy all their desires for friendships with other men. What men really need women for are for the things that men can?t normally get from?other men, namely sex and intimacy. If we want to be brutally honest about it, relationships between men and women essentially all really boil down to satisfying our natural sexual desires. Nothing else. So ultimately, the primary reason why men would spend time with women is to get sexual satisfaction.

So here?s my advice to guys:

The best way for?guys to deal with this issue is to?never be just friends with a woman. Slight acquaintances, sure, but friends, never. Establish very early on in interactions with a woman what you can expect from her, especially if she starts to use more of your time. If you?re attracted to her, let her know in plain english exactly what you want right from the start, and if she?s not sure move on immediately and break contact. Don?t allow yourself to be abused. Don?t?play Mr. Nice Guy being there for her when she needs you, or else you?ll only have yourself to blame in the end. Your time is valuable so don?t waste it on trying to convince anyone of anything. If she doesn?t want a relationship, at the very least make it clear that you?re looking for a ?friends with benefits? kind of relationship (friendship including sex, but without attachments). If that?s not possible, break contact and move on immediately. If she ever changes her mind, she knows where to find you.

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We're live from CTIA 2012!

The International CTIA Wireless show is a magnificent showcase of the best in the mobile industry every spring, and we've got a full team of editors ready to scour the show floor in the hopes of finding some precious gems. Unlike last year, we won't expect the show to be mired by news of major acquisitions, but we're still anxious to see what goodies await us here in New Orleans. Are you as excited as us? Stay tuned right here for the latest and greatest!

Tip: check out our CTIA Wireless 2012 event hub and our CTIAwireless2012 tag for all of the action.

Sean Cooper contributed to this report.

We're live from CTIA 2012! originally appeared on Engadget on Mon, 07 May 2012 15:01:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

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Deal of the Day: Case-Mate Tough Case for Samsung Galaxy Note

The May 7 ShopAndroid.com Deal of the Day is the Case-Mate Tough Case for Samsung Galaxy Note. Built to withstand sudden drops and accidental falls, the Tough Case is the epitome of protection. A snug, form fitting silicone wrap provides shock resistance, while the hard shell protects against impact. Comes in black and pink.

The Case-Mate Tough Case is available for just $22.95 today only, 34% off the regular price.  Grab yours today while supplies last!

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'This Is 40' Poster Kills The Mystery In Dailies!

You know that point in a relationship when you get too comfortable with your significant other. Well, Judd Apatow has made a movie about that. Check out the premiere poster for "This Is 40" after the jump. Plus, Gary Busey loses it, and Maurice Sendak owns Colbert in today's Dailies! » In honor of the [...]

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Microsoft officially offering Xbox 360 4GB console for $99, two-year Live Gold subscription required

Whoa, Nelly! As rumored, Microsoft is indeed shattering the home console pricing paradigm by trying something that US wireless carriers have been doing for years. As of now, the official Microsoft Store is hosting up a coupon that'll enable prospective Xbox buyers to snag a 4GB console bundle for just $99 (a $200 savings versus the outright unit)... so long as you agree to pay $14.99 per month for two solid years. That monthly fee -- which amounts to some $360 over the 24 month term -- gets you on the Xbox Live network with a Gold subscription, but remember, Microsoft's maintaining the ability to "terminate this offer at any time." Looking to score one yourself? Hit the source link and visit that "Find a store" icon; hopefully there's a B&M Microsoft Store near your neck of the woods.

Update: In case you're curious, yes, early termination fees will apply if you cut out of your two-year deal early. It's a prorated affair, with users asked to pay less the longer they maintain the contract. Those who part ways after only a month will have to pay $250, while those who cancel with just a month remaining will owe $12. All told, someone buying this and keeping true to the contract terms will pay $459 for the bundle and Live access, whereas those buying outright could snag it for $420 (or less, if scouring the web for cheaper Live subscriptions). The full ETF schedule is shown after the break.

Continue reading Microsoft officially offering Xbox 360 4GB console for $99, two-year Live Gold subscription required

Microsoft officially offering Xbox 360 4GB console for $99, two-year Live Gold subscription required originally appeared on Engadget on Mon, 07 May 2012 12:34:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

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AT&T Introduces Digital Life: IP-Based Home Automation And Security System With 24/7 Monitoring Centers

AT&T has just announced a new security and home-automation system called Digital Life, which will be an IP-based platform that allows users to monitor and detect activity throughout their house remotely, and "take action" (as AT&T put it) on devices like PCs, tablets, and smartphones. AT&T actually goes so far as to say "there are no capacity limits to the number and variety of devices [they] can connect to and integrate," since it's an all-digital system. Functions include access to automation, energy and water controls, and security systems. AT&T will thus be introducing a new branch called the Digital Life group, which will work in "AT&T owned-and-operated 24/7 security monitoring centers."

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Western Digital My Passport Studio (2TB)

With 2 terabytes of capacity, the Western Digital My Passport Studio ($299.99 list) is the most capacious portable hard drive that we've seen thus far. So it's unsurprising that, above everything else, its enormity has garnered most of the attention. This makes sense, because it's arguably the only external drive?portable or otherwise?that most users will need for a very, very long time. In terms of functionality and design, it's scarcely distinguishable from its predecessor, the Western Digital My Passport Studio (1TB) ($179.99 list, 4 stars), which is a good and bad thing.

Let's start with the good first. All the benefits of its previous iteration are here, so you get a compact, attractive drive that's formatted for your Mac. Moreover, it's an impressive feat of engineering to double the capacity of an already spacious portable drive without adding any noticeable heft to its physical dimensions. Aside from a larger capacity and, not coincidentally, a higher price tag, there's barely any daylight between the two drives. Which leads us to the bad side of the equation: Was there really no room for any additional connectivity options whatsoever? For reasons that escape me, WD chose not to include Thunderbolt this time around. Not only would that have really made the My Passport Studio truly future-proof, but a drive of this capacity would have undoubtedly been well-served by the inclusion of an additional speedy interface. This is a minor quibble, though, and it ultimately does little to detract from the fact that the My Passport Studio (2 TB) a great external drive that offers plenty of bang for your buck.

Design and Features
The My Passport Studio (2 TB) is smaller than one of those mass-market paperbacks you typically encounter at the grocery store checkout. It measures 1 by 3.3 by 5 inches (HWD), and its 24 mm thickness is a scant 2 mm thicker than its predecessor. This difference is hardly noticeable, though, so the My Passport (2 TB) looks and feels almost exactly like its 1 TB forebear. In other words, it's gorgeous. The matte-finished anodized aluminum chassis shares the MacBook's two-toned black and silver motif and is elegantly minimalist, save for a tasteful silver WD logo embossed on the black enclosure face. The My Passport Studio weighs .80 pounds, making it neither too light nor too heavy. At the risk of sounding like Goldilocks, it feels just right. Moreover, the drive's rounded edges make it tactilely pleasing to hold ? I couldn't stop myself from compulsively palming it every time it was in front of me.

In the rear of the drive you'll find one micro USB 2.0 port and two daisy-chainable FireWire 800 ports. Although FireWire 800 is plenty fast, it's somewhat disappointing that the drive's design precludes the use of a wider USB 3.0-compatible connector. This isn't necessarily a fatal flaw since there aren't any USB 3.0-equipped Macs as of now. More nagging, though, is the lack of Thunderbolt connectivity, especially since a drive of this capacity should be as future-proof as possible because, for most people, it's the last one they'll ever need to purchase. So if you consider maximum connectivity paramount, the Editors' Choice-winning Seagate GoFlex Turbo (750GB) ($169.99 list, 4.5 stars) is still your best bet - though it's nowhere near as capacious as the My Passport Studio, GoFlex compatibility allows it to support USB 3.0, FireWire, eSATA and Thunderbolt.

Despite its steep price tag, the My Passport Studio is actually an excellent value at 15 cents per GB. Both the Seagate GoFlex Ultra-portableDrive for Mac (1.5TB) ($219.99 list, 3.5 stars) and the Clickfree C6 Portable (1TB) ($150 street, 4 stars) have the same 15 cents per GB ratio, so the My Passport Studio's increased price tag is in direct proportion to its massive capacity. It also turns out to be a better value than both the Seagate GoFlex Turbo (750GB) ?(22 cents per GB) as well as the Iomega Helium Portable Hard Drive (1TB) ($199.99 list, 3 stars) (20 cents per GB).

Like its predecessor, this the My Passport Studio comes formatted for HFS+, the native Mac OS file system, so it can be used with Apple Time Machine right out of the box. There's no other backup software is preinstalled, though, so if you're using Mac OS X 10.4 or earlier, you must resort to manually backing up your data. Some preinstalled software is contained in a drive image file on the My Passport Studio, like the WD Security app for hardware encryption, as well as the WD Drive Utilities suite, which includes a drive diagnostics tool, a sleep timer, and a drive erase app. The two-year warranty that comes with the My Passport Studio is a step up from the standard one-year warranty for basic drives. While the Seagate GoFlex Turbo (750GB) also comes with a two-year warranty, the Iomega Helium Portable Hard Drive (1TB) ?takes the cake in this department, coming with a generous three-year warranty.

Performance
Compared to others in its class, the My Passport Studio (2TB) is an above-average performer when it comes to speed. Using USB 2.0, it slightly outpaced comparable portable drives, copying our 1.22 GB test folder in 40 seconds. The Clickfree Portable C6 was marginally slower at 41 seconds. And although the Iomega Helium was in the same ballpark with 42 seconds, it only sports a USB 2.0 interface so it's inherently not as future-proof than other drives with additional connectivity options. But the My Passport Studio (2TB) wasn't the fastest performer in the USB 2.0 arena: the similarly capacious Seagate GoFlex Ultra-portable for Mac (1.5 TB) outpaced it by 4 seconds, completing this test in a brisk 37 seconds. We couldn't run our usual PCMark05 HDD tests on the My Passport Studio (2TB) since it's Mac-formatted.

Using the FireWire 800 interface was like injecting the My Passport Studio (2 TB) with adrenaline. It transferred the test folder in a breezy 19 seconds, effectively doubling its USB 2.0 speed. While the My Passport Studio (2TB) edged past the Seagate GoFlex Ultra-portable Drive for Mac (1.5TB) (24 seconds) 5 seconds faster under FireWire 800, the latter is still a formidable contender in other respects: it can pair with optional USB 3.0 or powered eSATA connectors, so it's future-proofed and costs 80 dollars less. As compared to other external drives using USB 3.0, the My Passport Studio (2TB) admirably held its ground with FireWire 800. The Clickfree C6 Portable (1 TB) squeaked by, taking 17 seconds to transfer the test folder, while the Editors' Choice-winning Seagate GoFlex Turbo (750 GB) beat it by a nose's length with 18 seconds.

In the end, the Western Digital My Passport Studio (2 TB) doesn't shock or awe, nor does it aim to. It delivers exactly what it promises?a huge, relatively quick, Mac-formatted external drive that's decently future-proofed. While additional connectivity options would have been a great added touch, capacity and a reasonable dollar per GB ratio are really what matters most when choosing an external drive, and in these respects the My Passport Studio (2TB) delivers with panache.

COMPARISON TABLE
Compare the Western Digital My Passport Studio (2TB) with several other hard drives side by side.

More hard drive reviews:
??? Western Digital My Passport Studio (2TB)
??? IoSafe Solo G3 (1 TB)
??? CRU-DataPort RTX100-3SJ (3TB)
??? Western Digital My Passport for Mac (1 TB)
??? LaCie 2big Thunderbolt Series (6 TB)
?? more

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How wind farms could cause local (but not global) warming

The atmospheric turbulence caused by large wind farms could cause local temperature increases, a new study indicates.?

Large wind farms might have a warming effect on the local climate, research in the United States showed on Sunday, casting a shadow over the long-term sustainability of wind power.

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Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels contribute to global warming, which could lead to the melting of glaciers, sea level rise, ocean acidification, crop failure and other devastating effects, scientists say.

In a move to cut such emissions, many nations are moving towards cleaner energy sources such as wind power.

The world's wind farms last year had the capacity to produce 238 gigawatt of electricity at any one time. That was a 21 percent rise on 2010 and capacity is expected to reach nearly 500 gigawatt by the end of 2016 as more, and bigger, farms spring up, according to the Global Wind Energy Council.

Researchers at the State University of New York at Albany analysed the satellite data of areas around large wind farms in Texas, where four of the world's largest farms are located, over the period 2003 to 2011.

The results, published in the journal Nature Climate Change, showed a warming trend of up to 0.72 degrees Celsius per decade in areas over the farms, compared with nearby regions without the farms.

"We attribute this warming primarily to wind farms," the study said. The temperature change could be due to the effects of the energy expelled by farms and the movement and turbulence generated by turbine rotors, it said.

"These changes, if spatially large enough, may have noticeable impacts on local to regional weather and climate," the authors said.

More research needed

But the researchers said more studies were needed, at different locations and for longer periods, before any firm conclusions could be drawn.

Scientists say the world's average temperature has warmed by about 0.8 degrees Celsius since 1900, and nearly 0.2 degrees per decade since 1979. Efforts to cut carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions are not seen as sufficient to stop the planet heating up beyond 2 degrees C this century, a threshold scientists say risks an unstable climate in which weather extremes are common.

The Texas study found the temperature around wind farms rose more at night, compared with nearby regions. This was possibly because while the earth usually cools after the sun sets, bringing the air temperature down, the turbulence produced by the farms kept the ground in their area warm.

Previous research in 2010 by other U.S. scientists found wind farms could make the nights warmer and days cooler in their immediate vicinity, but those effects could be minimised by changing turbines' rotor design or by building the farms in areas with high natural turbulence.

That research was based on evidence from two meteorological towers over a six-week period.

Although the warming effect shown in that study and the latest research is local, and small compared to overall land surface temperature change, the findings could lead to more in-depth studies.

The authors of the study released on Sunday said: "Given the present installed (wind farm) capacity and the projected installation across the world, this study draws attention to an important issue that requires further investigation."

"We need to better understand the system with observations and better describe and model the complex processes involved to predict how wind farms may affect future weather and climate."

Commenting on the study, Steven Sherwood, co-director of the Climate Change Research Centre at the University of New South Wales in Australia, said:

"Daytime temperatures do not appear to be affected. This makes sense, since at night the ground becomes much cooler than the air just a few hundred metres above the surface. The wind farms generate gentle turbulence near the ground that causes these to mix together, thus the ground doesn't get quite as cool."

?(Edited by Pravin Char)

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Sunday Links (Theagitator)

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Cometh The Hour, Cometh The Xobot

Poor old Android is having a bad year. (Especially compared to last year.) Apple's iPhone is soaring in China, and apparently overtaking Android in the crucial American market. Oracle's lawsuit against Google has led to several rather awkward claims, eg that the word 'license' in the phrase "we need to negotiate a license for Java under the terms we need" referred to "not a license from anybody", a kind of license with which I was previously entirely unfamiliar. CEO Larry Page's own testimony was labelled as evasive: "His denial of knowledge and recollection contrasts with evidence," wrote Florian Mueller of FOSS Patents. What a headache. Way back in 2005, Android head honcho Andy Rubin wrote in a prescient email:

?If Sun doesn?t want to work with us, we have two options: 1) Abandon our work and adopt MSFT CLR VM and C# language ? or ? 2) Do Java anyway and defend our decision, perhaps making enemies along the way.?

Just imagine if they'd taken the first road. It's not widely understood in the industry that Microsoft's .NET infrastructure is more open than Java in many ways; it and its flagship language C# are ISO and ECMA standards, available to anyone and everyone, legally bulletproofed by the Microsoft Community Promise. Imagine if the Android OS ran on an entirely different technical architecture. Wait, no. Don't imagine it: examine it. Like a vision from a parallel universe, it now exists.

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